Prescription medications are intended to help individuals manage legitimate health conditions, from chronic pain to anxiety and ADHD. However, while these medications can be life-changing when used as prescribed, many are abused and misused. There are a lot of commonly abused prescription drugs that cause a whole host of side effects alongside general addiction. We aim to increase awareness of these drugs and explore treatment options for those struggling.
Prescription drug abuse is a growing issue in today’s society, affecting people of all ages, backgrounds, and professions. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) reports that millions of Americans misuse prescription drugs annually, often underestimating their potential for harm.
At RestAura Behavioral Health, we believe that education and awareness are essential in combating this crisis. Below, we outline some of the most commonly abused prescription drugs, their associated risks, and the warning signs to watch for if you suspect misuse.
Categories of Commonly Abused Prescription Drugs
Many prescription medications have a high potential for abuse due to their ability to alter brain chemistry or produce mind-altering effects. The medications most commonly misused fall into three main categories:
1. Opioids
Opioids are pain-relieving medications prescribed for conditions ranging from post-surgical recovery to chronic pain. While effective for acute pain management, opioids are highly addictive due to their ability to produce euphoria and relaxation.
- Examples:
- Oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet)
- Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
- Morphine
- Fentanyl
- Codeine
- Signs of Opioid Abuse:
- Drowsiness or sedation
- Constricted pupils
- Slurred speech
- Nausea or vomiting
- Doctor shopping (seeking multiple prescriptions from different providers)
- Withdrawal symptoms include restlessness, sweating, insomnia, and muscle aches when not using the drug.
2. Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants
CNS depressants are prescribed to treat anxiety, panic disorders, and sleep disorders. They work by slowing down brain activity, promoting relaxation, and reducing feelings of distress. However, these effects make them highly susceptible to misuse.
- Examples:
- Benzodiazepines:
- Alprazolam (Xanax)
- Diazepam (Valium)
- Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Barbiturates:
- Phenobarbital
- Amobarbital
- Sleep Medications:
- Zolpidem (Ambien)
- Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
- Benzodiazepines:
- Signs of CNS Depressant Abuse:
- Extreme drowsiness or lethargy
- Slowed breathing or heart rate
- Confusion or difficulty concentrating
- Slurred speech
- Using the medication in higher doses or more often than prescribed
3. Stimulants
Stimulants are commonly prescribed to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, as they enhance focus and increase energy by boosting brain chemicals like dopamine. Misuse can involve taking someone else’s prescription, using larger doses, or taking the medication more often than necessary.
- Examples:
- Amphetamines (Adderall)
- Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
- Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
- Signs of Stimulant Abuse:
- Decreased appetite and rapid weight loss
- Restlessness or hyperactivity
- Dilated pupils
- Insomnia or lack of sleep over extended periods
- Overconfidence or excessive energy
- Anxiety, irritability, or signs of paranoia
Other Commonly Abused Prescription Medications
Aside from the categories above, the following can also be abused:
- Cough and Cold Medications: Over-the-counter medications like dextromethorphan (DXM) can produce hallucinogenic effects when taken in high doses. Abuse often involves teens and younger individuals.
- Antidepressants: Though less common, misuse of antidepressants can occur, particularly to enhance the effects of other substances or as a method of self-medication.
Why Do People Misuse Prescription Drugs?
People misuse prescription drugs for a variety of reasons, such as:
- Pain Management: In the case of opioids, individuals might develop a dependency while attempting to manage chronic or severe pain.
- Euphoria or Relaxation: Many misused drugs produce feelings of pleasure or relaxation, leading users to seek them recreationally.
- Increased Focus and Productivity: With stimulants like Adderall, some misuse them to stay awake, concentrate, or perform better academically or professionally.
- Self-Medication: Mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, or unaddressed trauma can drive some individuals to misuse medications for temporary relief.
Unfortunately, misuse often leads to dependency and addiction, even when it begins unintentionally.
Signs of Prescription Drug Abuse
Early detection of prescription drug abuse is critical for preventing long-term addiction and associated health risks. Be on the lookout for these general warning signs:
- Behavioral Changes:
- Mood swings (e.g., sudden irritability or euphoria)
- Social withdrawal or isolation from friends and family
- Increased secrecy about daily activities or prescriptions
- Poor performance at work, school, or other responsibilities
- Physical Symptoms:
- Changes in energy levels (e.g., extreme lethargy or hyperactivity)
- Appearance of intoxication without the smell or details of alcohol involved
- Poor personal hygiene or noticeable weight fluctuations
- Medication Misuse Behavior:
- Frequently running out of medication before the prescription should be renewed
- Forging prescriptions or seeking prescriptions from multiple providers
- Complaining of vague symptoms to obtain medication without medical necessity
The Importance of Early Intervention
If you suspect that you or a loved one is misusing prescription medications, it’s important to seek help as soon as possible. Prescription drug abuse rarely resolves on its own and often worsens over time. Early intervention through therapy, education, and sometimes rehabilitation can prevent serious consequences, including addiction, health complications, and overdoses.
At RestAura Behavioral Health, we provide judgment-free, evidence-based care to help individuals recover from prescription drug misuse. Through therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT), we guide individuals toward long-term healing and a substance-free life.
Get Prescription Drug Addiction Treatment Today
Prescription medications save lives and improve the quality of life for countless individuals when used correctly. However, when misused, they can quickly spiral into dependency, addiction, and harm. Recognizing the various types of prescription drug abuse and their warning signs empowers individuals and families to take action before it’s too late.